6th grade worksheets

• Commonly confused words Some words sound alike but mean different things: their, there, and they're are three different words.
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• Correlative conjunctions Correlative conjunctions work in fixed pairs: either/or, neither/nor, both/and, not only/but also, whether/or. Spot the first half, and the second half is already decided.
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• Formal or informal? English wears different clothes for different rooms. Formal: Good afternoon; I would appreciate your help. Informal: Hey! Wanna play? Both are correct, in their place.
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• Interjections An interjection is a burst of feeling with its own punctuation: Ouch! Hooray! Shh! It stands apart from the sentence and sets its emotion.
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• Negatives and double negatives In standard written English, one negative per idea is the rule. After don't, can't, and never, use any-, anything, anyone, ever: We don't have ANY time, not no time.
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• Parts of speech, newnew Ask what the word does in this sentence: a noun names something, a verb shows an action or a state of being, an adjective describes a noun, an adverb tells how, when, where or how often, and a pronoun takes the place of a noun.
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• Perfect verb tenses Perfect tenses connect two times: has or have + past participle links past to now (has taught for years); had + participle reaches further back (had finished before the bus came).
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• Pronoun-antecedent agreement A pronoun has to match the noun it stands for: Maya packed her bag, and the twins packed their bags. In school writing, a team acting as one takes its, and each of the girls takes her.
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• Subject and object pronouns Subject pronouns do the action: I, he, she, we, they. Object pronouns receive it: me, him, her, us, them. Drop the other person and your ear solves it: 'The coach chose me.'
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• Subject-verb agreement, newnew The verb has to match the subject: one dog barks, two dogs bark.
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• Subordinating conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions join a helper idea to a main idea and name the link: because (why), although (surprise), until (time), if (condition).
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• Verb tense consistency A sentence picks a time and sticks to it. If the first verb is past, its teammates ride past too: she set the table and poured the water, not pours.
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• Independent and dependent clauses An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause has a who-did-what too, but its first word makes it lean on something else.
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• Run-on sentences A run-on squeezes two sentences into one. Find where the first idea ends, then add a period and a capital letter.
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• Sentence fragments A fragment is a piece of a sentence. Find what it is missing: the naming part (subject) or the telling part (predicate).
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• Commas after introductory phrases When a sentence starts with a warm-up phrase, a comma marks where the real sentence begins: After the storm, we raked the yard.
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• Commas for direct address When a sentence speaks TO someone, their name gets set off with commas: Maya, please close the window. Yes and no take commas too, and tag questions hang on one: didn't you?
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• Commas for extra detail Extra information rides in the sentence wrapped in commas: My bike, which has a bell, lives on the porch. Lift it out and you still know which bike.
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• Contractions or possessives? It's, you're, they're, and who's are contractions: two words in a trench coat. Its, your, their, and whose show belonging. Expand the contraction and see if the sentence still makes sense.
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• Punctuating titles of short works Short works wear quotation marks: poems, songs, stories, and articles. 'The Raven' is a poem; a whole book would be underlined or set in italics instead.
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• Commonly misspelled words Every famous misspelling has a trap: a double letter (really), a letter people double by mistake (until), or a silent sneak (friend). Know your word's trap and you own it.
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• Spelling words Each week has its own list, and most weeks share a secret: the words follow one spelling pattern. Find the pattern and half the list spells itself.
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• Multisyllabic words Long words are short chunks in a row. Count the beats: im-por-tant is three, cal-cu-la-tor is four. Chunk it, count it, read it.
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Word relationships

• Analogies An analogy is a word puzzle in two pairs: work out how the first pair fits together, then finish the second pair the very same way.
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• Connotation and denotation Denotation is a word's dictionary meaning. Connotation is its glow. Slender and scrawny both mean thin; one compliments, one insults.
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Prefixes and suffixes

• Absorbed prefixes (im-, il-, ir-) The prefix in- changes its skin to match the word it joins: im- before m and p (impossible), il- before l (illegal), ir- before r (irregular). Usually it means not; sometimes it means in or into (illuminate).
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• Number prefixes (uni-, bi-, tri-) Some prefixes are numbers in disguise: uni- means one, bi- means two, tri- means three. A tricycle is a three-wheeler by name.
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• Suffixes -able and -ible -able and -ible both mean can-be: breakable can be broken, visible can be seen. If the base is a whole word, usually -able; if the base is a broken piece, usually -ible. A few rebels (flexible, sensible) take -ible after a whole word anyway, so check a dictionary when unsure.
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• Suffixes -ance and -ence -ance and -ence both turn ideas into nouns and both say the same unsure sound: distance, silence. The schwa hides the vowel, so the eye must learn each family.
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• Suffixes -ive and -ize -ive builds describing words: act becomes active. -ize builds doing words: final becomes finalize. One suffix makes adjectives, the other makes verbs.
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• Suffixes -tion and -sion -tion and -sion both turn actions into things: act becomes action, decide becomes decision. -tion usually says shun. -sion says shun in mission but zhun in vision. The base word picks the spelling.
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Greek and Latin roots

• Greek and Latin roots Old Greek and Latin word parts hide inside big English words: tele means far, so telescope, telephone, and television all reach across distance.
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Figurative language

• Adages and proverbs A proverb is a small sentence carrying old advice: the early bird catches the worm. The situation around it tells you which saying fits.
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• Figurative language, newnew A simile compares with like or as, a metaphor says one thing is another, personification gives a thing a human action, hyperbole stretches the truth, an idiom is a saying with its own meaning, onomatopoeia is a sound word, and alliteration repeats a first sound.
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• Idioms An idiom means something different from its exact words. A piece of cake means easy; raining cats and dogs means pouring. The sentence around it tells you which.
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• Personification and hyperbole Personification gives human actions to things: the wind whispered. Hyperbole exaggerates on purpose: I've told you a million times.
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• Similes and metaphors A simile compares with like or as: brave as a lion. A metaphor says one thing IS another: the classroom was a zoo.
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Context clues

• Context clues The sentence around a hard word usually hides its meaning. Read past the word, find the clue, then decide: The arid desert had not seen rain for months, so arid must mean very dry.
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Reading passages

• Animal reading comprehension, newnew An animal passage tells how an animal's body and habits help it live. Answer from the passage, not from what you already know about the animal.
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• Author's purpose, newnew Every writer has a reason for writing. The three big reasons are easy to remember as PIE: to Persuade (change your mind), to Inform (teach you facts), or to Entertain (tell you a fun story). To find the purpose, ask what the writer wants you to do after reading.
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• Fact vs opinion, newnew A fact can be checked and proven: a spider has eight legs. An opinion tells what someone thinks or feels: spiders are creepy. Ask the test question: could we look this up and settle it?
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• Fiction reading comprehension The answers hide in the story. Read it once for fun, then go back and point to the exact sentence that proves each answer.
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• Main idea and details The main idea is what the whole passage is about, in one sentence. The details are the smaller facts that back it up.
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• Making inferences, newnew An inference is a smart guess the writer never says out loud. You mix a clue from the text with what you already know: if a character shivers and rubs her hands, you can infer she is cold.
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• Nonfiction reading comprehension Nonfiction is true information. Read to find out what the passage teaches, and be ready to point to the fact that answers each question.
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• Paired passages Two passages, one topic. Read both all the way through before you answer. Some questions are about one passage, some are about both, and the question always tells you which.
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• Reading fluency passages Read the passage out loud for one minute. Read it the way you would talk: smooth, at a steady pace, and with the feeling the sentences call for. Fast is not the goal; smooth and accurate is.
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• Science reading comprehension, newnew A science passage explains how something in the world works. Find the sentence that answers each question, even when it surprises you.
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Comprehension skills

• Author's claim A claim is what the author wants you to believe. Evidence is what they show you so you will. Find the claim first; everything else in the piece is working for it.
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• Cause and effect, newnew A cause is why something happened. An effect is what happened because of it. Ask: what happened, and what made it happen?
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• Character traits, newnew A trait is what a person is like on the inside, and actions are the proof. The story never says the word; it shows you, and you name it.
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• Compare and contrast, newnew Comparing finds how two things are alike. Contrasting finds how they differ. Good readers do both at once.
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• Genres A genre is a kind of writing. Every kind leaves clues: talking animals with a lesson, long-ago magic, true facts, or a story that could happen on your own street.
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• Plot A plot is the shape of a story: how it starts, what goes wrong, the moment things turn, and how it all works out.
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• Poetry analysis, newnew A poem means more than its words say on the surface. Read it twice: once for who is speaking and what is happening, then again for how it sounds and what its images, repeats and line breaks add.
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• Point of view Point of view is who tells the story. A character inside it says I. A narrator outside it says he, she, and names.
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• Summarizing A summary tells the whole story in a sentence or two: who or what, the big problem or idea, and how it turned out. Small details stay behind.
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• Text evidence, newnew Evidence is the exact line that proves a point. Don't tell me the story says so. Show me the sentence where it says so.
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• Text structure Every information text has a shape: steps in time, two things compared, causes and effects, a problem and its fixes, or one thing described. Signal words give the shape away.
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• Theme The theme is what a story teaches about life, said in a full sentence. Not what the story is about, but what it shows you.
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• Vocabulary in context When a strange word appears, the sentences around it are usually explaining it. Read past the word, find the clues, then come back and catch it.
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• Linking and transition words Transition words are the road signs of writing: also adds, however turns, therefore concludes, meanwhile runs alongside. Choose the sign that matches the turn.
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• Long division with two-digit divisors Estimate first: round the divisor to a friendly number like 20, guess the quotient digit, then multiply to check and adjust.
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• Decimal word problems Line up the decimal points before adding or subtracting. When you multiply or divide, do the whole-number math first, then place the decimal point last.
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• Division word problems Look for a total being split into equal parts. Sharing fairly or making equal groups means divide.
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• Fraction word problems When the pieces are the same size, add or subtract the tops and keep the bottom. To find a fraction of a number, divide by the bottom first.
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• Geometry word problems Parallelogram area is base times height. A triangle is half of that. An L-shape splits into rectangles, or subtract the missing corner from the big rectangle.
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• Integer word problems Below zero is negative, above zero is positive. Adding a negative moves you down the number line; to find how far apart two values are, subtract them in the order the question says.
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• Mean, median & mode word problems Mean is the total shared out evenly. Median is the middle of the sorted list. Mode is the most common value, and range is the biggest minus the smallest.
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• Percent word problems Percent means out of 100. To find a percent of a number, turn the percent into hundredths and multiply, or find 10% first and build from there.
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• Ratio word problems A ratio compares two quantities that grow together. Find what one unit is worth, or find what both sides were multiplied by, and the missing number follows.
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• Volume word problems Volume of a box is length times width times height. Multiply two sides to get the base layer, then count how many layers tall.
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• GCF & LCM The GCF is the biggest number that divides into both numbers, and the LCM is the smallest number they both divide into.
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• Input-output tables One table, one rule: whatever the rule does to the first number, it does to every number.
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• Divide fractions If a mixed number appears, change it to an improper fraction first. Then ask how many times the second amount fits into the first.
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• Dividing fractions with models Complete each problem. Use the models and show your reasoning where asked.
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• Dividing decimals Bring the decimal point straight up into your answer. If the number you're dividing by has a point, move both points right until it doesn't.
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• Fractions to decimals A fraction and a decimal can name the same amount: 3/4 and 0.75 are one number written two ways.
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• Multiplying decimals Multiply as if there were no decimal point, then count the decimal places in the problem and give your answer that many.
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• Equivalent ratios & ratio tables Multiply both parts of a ratio by the same number and it stays equivalent: same recipe, bigger batch.
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• Fractions, decimals & percents A fraction, a decimal, and a percent are three ways to write the same amount. Get it over 100 and you can read off all three.
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• Percent of a number Percent means out of 100, so 50% is half, 25% is a quarter, and 10% means divide by 10.
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• Unit rates & ratios A rate compares two amounts; a unit rate tells how much for exactly one. Divide the total by how many.
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Integers

• Absolute value Absolute value is a number's distance from zero, so it is never negative: |-8| and |8| both equal 8.
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• Comparing & ordering integers Picture the number line. The number farther to the right is always greater, so every positive beats every negative, and −2 beats −9.
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• Integers add & subtract Adding moves you right on the number line, subtracting moves you left, and subtracting a negative flips you right again.
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Expressions & equations

• Combining like terms Like terms have the same letter, so add their number parts: 3x + 2x makes 5x.
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• Evaluating expressions Swap the letter for its number, then follow the order of operations.
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• Exponents The small raised number tells how many times to use the base as a factor: 2^3 means 2 × 2 × 2.
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• Inequalities on a number line The open circle marks the boundary number, and the arrow points toward all the numbers that make the inequality true.
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• One-step equations To find x, undo what was done to it: do the opposite operation to both sides.
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• Order of operations Work inside parentheses first, then any exponents, then multiply and divide, then add and subtract.
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• Writing algebraic expressions Complete each problem. Show your reasoning where asked.
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• Writing inequalities Write one inequality that models each condition.
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• Coordinate plane In a coordinate pair, across comes first and up comes second. (3, 4) means go right 3, then up 4.
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• Polygons on the coordinate plane Complete the coordinates and side length. Plot and find polygon areas. Each grid square is 1 unit; write areas in square units.
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• Area of composite figures Split the figure into rectangles and triangles, then add their areas. For a cutout, subtract the missing area.
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• Area of parallelograms Area is base times height, and the height is the dashed line standing square on the base, not the slanted side.
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• Area of triangles A triangle is half its box: multiply base times height, then cut the answer in half.
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• Surface area using nets A net is a solid unfolded flat. Surface area is the area of every face added up, so find each face on the net and add.
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• Volume of rectangular prisms Volume is length times width times height. Count the cubes in one layer, then stack the layers.
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• Surface area with nets Use each net to find the requested area or length. Show your work and include units.
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• Volume of composite figures Find each volume. Show your work and include cubic units.
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• Box plots The line inside the box is the median. Whisker ends mark the smallest and largest values, and box edges mark the quartiles.
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• Histograms Each bar counts a whole range of values. Read its height off the axis to see how many landed in that bin.
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• Mean, median, mode & range Sort the data first: the median is the middle, the mode repeats most, the range is biggest minus smallest, the mean balances the values, and MAD is their average distance from the mean.
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• Making box plots Use the data to complete each box plot. Exclude the median when finding quartiles.
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• Making histograms Use the data to complete each histogram. Each interval includes its left edge and excludes its right edge.
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• Statistical questions Classify each question. Choose the explanation that correctly describes whether its answers vary.
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• Shape of a distribution Use the dot plots to check symmetry, right skew, clusters, gaps, and outliers.
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• Making dot plots Use the data to complete each line plot. Draw one dot for each measurement.
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• Mean and median from dot plots Read each display and answer every question.
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• Describing distributions Describe the center (mean and median), spread (IQR and MAD), and shape. Give numerical evidence for a shape feature in each sample.
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